.. This file is part of Magnum. Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 Vladimír Vondruš Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. .. Downloading and building ######################## .. role:: sh(code) :language: sh .. role:: bat(code) :language: bat :summary: Installation guide for the Python bindings. :ref-prefix: corrade magnum Building of Python bindings is a similar process to :dox:`building Magnum itself ` with an additional step involving Python setuptools. Minimal set of tools and libraries required for building is: - C++ compiler with good C++11 support. Compilers which are tested to have everything needed are **GCC** >= 4.8.1, **Clang** >= 3.3 and **MSVC** >= 2015. On Windows you can also use **MinGW-w64**. - **CMake** >= 3.1 - **Corrade** and **Magnum** installed :dox:`as described in their docs ` - **Python** >= 3.5 and :gh:`pybind11 ` `Prepared packages`_ ==================== `ArchLinux packages`_ --------------------- In ``package/archlinux`` there is a development package, similar to the ones in Magnum itself. They allow you to build and install the package directly from the source tree. .. code:: sh git clone https://github.com/mosra/magnum-bindings && cd magnum-bindings cd package/archlinux makepkg -fp PKGBUILD The PKGBUILD also contains a :sh:`check()` function which will run all unit tests before packaging. That might sometimes fail or take too long, pass ``--nocheck`` to ``makepkg`` to skip that. Once built, install the package using ``pacman``: .. code:: sh sudo pacman -U magnum-bindings-*.pkg.tar.zst `Homebrew formulas for macOS`_ ------------------------------ macOS `Homebrew `_ formulas building the latest Git revision are in the ``package/homebrew`` directory. Either use the ``*.rb`` files directly or use the tap at https://github.com/mosra/homebrew-magnum. This will install the latest stable version of Magnum Bindings with all its dependencies: .. code:: sh brew install mosra/magnum/magnum-bindings But often you may want to install the latest Git revision of all Magnum projects instead: .. code:: sh brew install --HEAD mosra/magnum/corrade brew install --HEAD mosra/magnum/magnum brew install --HEAD mosra/magnum/magnum-bindings # If already installed, use the following to upgrade, in the same order brew upgrade --fetch-HEAD mosra/magnum/corrade brew upgrade --fetch-HEAD mosra/magnum/magnum brew upgrade --fetch-HEAD mosra/magnum/magnum-bindings When installing from the ``*.rb`` files you need to install the :dox:`Corrade ` and :dox:`Magnum ` Homebrew packages first. If you want to pass additional flags to CMake or ``setup.py`` or enable / disable additional features, edit the ``*.rb`` file. There are also Homebrew packages for :dox:`Magnum Plugins `, :dox:`Magnum Integration `, :dox:`Magnum Extras ` and :dox:`Magnum Examples `. `Manual build`_ =============== The source is available on GitHub at https://github.com/mosra/magnum-bindings. Clone the repository with your favorite IDE or Git GUI, download currrent snapshot as a compressed archive or use the command line: .. code:: sh git clone https://github.com/mosra/magnum-bindings.git Assuming a Unix-based OS, the first step is to build the native libraries. The bindings will be generated for all Corrade and Magnum libraries that are found, ignoring the ones which aren't. If Corrade, Magnum and pybind11 are not in a default location known to CMake, add their path to ``CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH``. .. code:: sh mkdir build && cd build cmake .. \ -DMAGNUM_WITH_PYTHON=ON make Note that pybind11 compilation is quite time- and memory-hungry, so you might not want to run the build on all cores on memory-constrained systems. In the build directory, CMake will create the desired Python package layout, meaning the bindings can be used directly if you ``cd`` into ``build/src/python/magnum``. For installing into a system-wide location, CMake generates a ``setup.py`` containing location of all built libraries for use with Python setuptools: .. code:: sh cd build/src/python/magnum python setup.py install # or python3, sudo might be needed `Static build`_ --------------- In case Corrade or Magnum is built with :dox:`CORRADE_BUILD_STATIC` / :dox:`MAGNUM_BUILD_STATIC`, the corresponding bindings are compiled into a single dynamic module instead of one module per Corrade/Magnum library. In this case, similarly to linking static plugins to Magnum's own command-line utilities, you can use the ``MAGNUM_PYTHON_BINDINGS_STATIC_PLUGINS`` CMake variable to link static plugins to the Python module, assuming Magnum, Magnum Plugins and Magnum Bindings are all CMake subprojects. It's a semicolon-separated list of existing CMake targets, for example ``Magnum::AnyImageImporter;MagnumPlugins::StbImageImporter``. On Unix platforms, Python by default loads the modules in isolated namespaces. That's a good thing to do from a security point of view, nevertheless with static builds of Corrade and Magnum it will result in globals duplicated across the Corrade and Magnum modules (and also any other Python modules that use Magnum natively inside) unable to see each other in order to deduplicate themselves, causing strange issues. To solve that, the ``MAGNUM_BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS_RTLD_GLOBAL`` CMake option, which is enabled by default on static builds on Unix platforms, overrides Python's module loading code to not load them in isolated namespaces using :ref:`sys.setdlopenflags()`. The override then happens inside :py:`import corrade` and is in effect for the rest of the interpreter lifetime, to affect also any potential other modules depending on Magnum loaded later. See also :dox:`CORRADE_BUILD_STATIC_UNIQUE_GLOBALS` and :dox:`MAGNUM_BUILD_STATIC_UNIQUE_GLOBALS` in Corrade and Magnum for more information. On Windows, Python since version 3.8 no longer loads dependency DLLs from :bat:`%PATH%`. Instead, it requires relevant DLL directories to be explicitly passed to :ref:`os.add_dll_directory()`. CMake by default adds the (absolute) path to Corrade and Magnum DLLs there, you can edit the path or add additional directories for other dependencies (such as SDL or GLFW) using the ``MAGNUM_PYTHON_BINDINGS_DLL_PATH`` CMake option. Non-absolute paths are interpreted as relative to the package root --- for example, if the Corrade module is in ``tools/python/corrade/``, specifying ``bin/`` as the DLL path will resolve to ``tools/bin/``. `Running unit tests`_ --------------------- Essential functionality of the bindings is tested using Python's builtin ``unittest`` module. The tests currently assume a CMake build directory with all binaries already built located in a ``build/`` directory in project root, running them is then a matter of: .. code:: sh cd src/python/magnum python -m unittest .. block-default:: Disabling GL tests If the tests detect that one of :ref:`platform.WindowlessApplication `\ s is present, GL tests (suffixed with ``_gl``) will be run as well. In order to disable them (for example when running on a headless CI), set the :sh:`$MAGNUM_SKIP_GL_TESTS` environment variable to ``ON``: .. code:: sh MAGNUM_SKIP_GL_TESTS=ON python -m unittest For code coverage, `coverage.py `_ is used. Get it via ``pip`` or as a system package. .. code:: sh pip install coverage # sudo might be needed Running the unit tests with coverage enabled is then a matter of executing the following commands, the resulting HTML overview is located in ``htmlcov/index.html``: .. code:: sh cd src/python/magnum coverage run -m unittest coverage html `Continuous Integration`_ ========================= In ``package/ci/`` there is a ``circleci.yml`` file that compiles and tests the bindings on Linux GCC 4.8 + CMake 3.5 and on macOS, online at https://circleci.com/gh/mosra/magnum-bindings. For Windows there is an ``appveyor.yml`` testing on Windows with MSVC, online at https://ci.appveyor.com/project/mosra/magnum-bindings. Code coverage for both the C++ bindings code and Python side is reported to https://codecov.io/gh/mosra/magnum-bindings.