magnum/src/Text/TextRenderer.h

#ifndef Magnum_Text_TextRenderer_h
#define Magnum_Text_TextRenderer_h
/*
    This file is part of Magnum.

    Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Vladimír Vondruš <mosra@centrum.cz>

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
    copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
    to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
    the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
    and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
    in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
    THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/

/** @file
 * @brief Class Magnum::Text::AbstractTextRenderer, Magnum::Text::TextRenderer, typedef Magnum::Text::TextRenderer2D, Magnum::Text::TextRenderer3D
 */

#include "Math/Geometry/Rectangle.h"
#include "Buffer.h"
#include "DimensionTraits.h"
#include "Mesh.h"
#include "Text/Text.h"

#include "magnumTextVisibility.h"

#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>

namespace Magnum { namespace Text {

/**
@brief Base for text renderers

Not meant to be used directly, see TextRenderer for more information.
@see TextRenderer2D, TextRenderer3D
*/
class MAGNUM_TEXT_EXPORT AbstractTextRenderer {
    public:
        /**
         * @brief Render text
         * @param font          Font
         * @param cache         Glyph cache
         * @param size          Font size
         * @param text          Text to render
         *
         * Returns tuple with vertex positions, texture coordinates, indices
         * and rectangle spanning the rendered text.
         */
        static std::tuple<std::vector<Vector2>, std::vector<Vector2>, std::vector<UnsignedInt>, Rectangle> render(AbstractFont& font, const GlyphCache& cache, Float size, const std::string& text);

        /**
         * @brief Capacity for rendered glyphs
         *
         * @see reserve()
         */
        UnsignedInt capacity() const { return _capacity; }

        /** @brief Rectangle spanning the rendered text */
        Rectangle rectangle() const { return _rectangle; }

        /** @brief Vertex buffer */
        Buffer& vertexBuffer() { return _vertexBuffer; }

        /** @brief Index buffer */
        Buffer& indexBuffer() { return _indexBuffer; }

        /** @brief Mesh */
        Mesh& mesh() { return _mesh; }

        /**
         * @brief Reserve capacity for rendered glyphs
         *
         * Reallocates memory in buffers to hold @p glyphCount glyphs and
         * prefills index buffer. Consider using appropriate @p vertexBufferUsage
         * if the text will be changed frequently. Index buffer is changed
         * only by calling this function, thus @p indexBufferUsage generally
         * doesn't need to be so dynamic if the capacity won't be changed much.
         *
         * Initially zero capacity is reserved.
         * @see capacity()
         */
        void reserve(UnsignedInt glyphCount, Buffer::Usage vertexBufferUsage, Buffer::Usage indexBufferUsage);

        /**
         * @brief Render text
         *
         * Renders the text to vertex buffer, reusing index buffer already
         * filled with reserve(). Rectangle spanning the rendered text is
         * available through rectangle().
         *
         * Initially no text is rendered.
         * @attention The capacity must be large enough to contain all glyphs,
         *      see reserve() for more information.
         */
        void render(const std::string& text);

    protected:
        /**
         * @brief Constructor
         * @param font          Font
         * @param cache         Glyph cache
         * @param size          Font size
         */
        explicit AbstractTextRenderer(AbstractFont& font, const GlyphCache& cache, Float size);
        AbstractTextRenderer(AbstractFont&, GlyphCache&&, Float) = delete; /**< @overload */

        ~AbstractTextRenderer();

    #ifndef DOXYGEN_GENERATING_OUTPUT
    protected:
    #else
    private:
    #endif
        static std::tuple<Mesh, Rectangle> MAGNUM_LOCAL render(AbstractFont& font, const GlyphCache& cache, Float size, const std::string& text, Buffer& vertexBuffer, Buffer& indexBuffer, Buffer::Usage usage);

        Mesh _mesh;
        Buffer _vertexBuffer, _indexBuffer;
        #ifdef CORRADE_TARGET_EMSCRIPTEN
        Containers::Array<UnsignedByte> _vertexBufferData, _indexBufferData;
        #endif

    private:
        AbstractFont& font;
        const GlyphCache& cache;
        Float size;
        UnsignedInt _capacity;
        Rectangle _rectangle;

        #if defined(MAGNUM_TARGET_GLES2) && !defined(CORRADE_TARGET_EMSCRIPTEN)
        typedef void*(*BufferMapImplementation)(Buffer&, GLsizeiptr);
        static MAGNUM_TEXT_LOCAL void* bufferMapImplementationFull(Buffer& buffer, GLsizeiptr length);
        static MAGNUM_TEXT_LOCAL void* bufferMapImplementationSub(Buffer& buffer, GLsizeiptr length);
        static MAGNUM_TEXT_LOCAL void* bufferMapImplementationRange(Buffer& buffer, GLsizeiptr length);
        static BufferMapImplementation bufferMapImplementation;
        #else
        #ifndef CORRADE_TARGET_EMSCRIPTEN
        static
        #else
        MAGNUM_TEXT_LOCAL
        #endif
        void* bufferMapImplementation(Buffer& buffer, GLsizeiptr length);
        #endif

        #if defined(MAGNUM_TARGET_GLES2) && !defined(CORRADE_TARGET_EMSCRIPTEN)
        typedef void(*BufferUnmapImplementation)(Buffer&);
        static MAGNUM_TEXT_LOCAL void bufferUnmapImplementationDefault(Buffer& buffer);
        static MAGNUM_TEXT_LOCAL void bufferUnmapImplementationSub(Buffer& buffer);
        static MAGNUM_TEXT_LOCAL BufferUnmapImplementation bufferUnmapImplementation;
        #else
        #ifndef CORRADE_TARGET_EMSCRIPTEN
        static
        #else
        MAGNUM_TEXT_LOCAL
        #endif
        void bufferUnmapImplementation(Buffer& buffer);
        #endif
};

/**
@brief %Text renderer

Lays out the text into mesh using given Font. Use of ligatures, kerning etc.
depends on features supported by particular font and its layouter.

@section TextRenderer-usage Usage

Immutable text (e.g. menu items, credits) can be simply rendered using static
methods, returning result either as data arrays or as fully configured mesh.
The text can be then drawn by configuring text shader, binding font texture
and drawing the mesh:
@code
Text::AbstractFont* font;
Text::GlyphCache cache;

Shaders::VectorShader2D shader;
Buffer vertexBuffer, indexBuffer;
Mesh mesh;

// Render the text
Rectangle rectangle;
std::tie(mesh, rectangle) = Text::TextRenderer2D::render(*font, cache, 0.15f,
    "Hello World!", vertexBuffer, indexBuffer, Buffer::Usage::StaticDraw);

// Draw white text centered on the screen
shader.setTransformationProjectionMatrix(projection*Matrix3::translation(-rectangle.width()/2.0f))
    .setColor(Color3(1.0f));
    .use();
glyphCache->texture()->bind(Shaders::VectorShader2D::FontTextureLayer);
mesh.draw();
@endcode
See render(Font* const, const GlyphCache* const, Float, const std::string&) and
render(Font* const, const GlyphCache* const, Float, const std::string&, Buffer*, Buffer*, Buffer::Usage)
for more information.

While this method is sufficient for one-shot rendering of static texts, for
mutable texts (e.g. FPS counters, chat messages) there is another approach
that doesn't recreate everything on each text change:
@code
Text::AbstractFont* font;
Text::GlyphCache cache;
Shaders::VectorShader2D shader;

// Initialize renderer and reserve memory for enough glyphs
Text::TextRenderer2D renderer(*font, cache, 0.15f);
renderer.reserve(32, Buffer::Usage::DynamicDraw, Buffer::Usage::StaticDraw);

// Update the text occasionally
renderer.render("Hello World Countdown: 10");

// Draw the text centered on the screen
shader.setTransformationProjectionMatrix(projection*Matrix3::translation(-renderer.rectangle().width()/2.0f))
    .setColor(Color3(1.0f));
    .use();
glyphCache->texture()->bind(Shaders::VectorShader2D::FontTextureLayer);
renderer.mesh().draw();
@endcode

@section TextRenderer-extensions Required OpenGL functionality

Mutable text rendering requires @extension{ARB,map_buffer_range} on desktop
OpenGL (also part of OpenGL ES 3.0). If neither @es_extension{EXT,map_buffer_range}
nor @es_extension{CHROMIUM,map_sub} is not available in ES 2.0, at least
@es_extension{OES,mapbuffer} must be supported for asynchronous buffer updates.
There is no similar extension in WebGL, thus plain (and slow) buffer updates
are used there.

@see TextRenderer2D, TextRenderer3D, Font, Shaders::AbstractVectorShader
*/
template<UnsignedInt dimensions> class MAGNUM_TEXT_EXPORT TextRenderer: public AbstractTextRenderer {
    public:
        /**
         * @brief Render text
         * @param font          Font
         * @param cache         Glyph cache
         * @param size          Font size
         * @param text          %Text to render
         * @param vertexBuffer  %Buffer where to store vertices
         * @param indexBuffer   %Buffer where to store indices
         * @param usage         Usage of vertex and index buffer
         *
         * Returns mesh prepared for use with Shaders::AbstractVectorShader
         * subclasses and rectangle spanning the rendered text.
         */
        static std::tuple<Mesh, Rectangle> render(AbstractFont& font, const GlyphCache& cache, Float size, const std::string& text, Buffer& vertexBuffer, Buffer& indexBuffer, Buffer::Usage usage);

        /**
         * @brief Constructor
         * @param font          Font
         * @param cache         Glyph cache
         * @param size          Font size
         */
        explicit TextRenderer(AbstractFont& font, const GlyphCache& cache, Float size);
        TextRenderer(AbstractFont&, GlyphCache&&, Float) = delete; /**< @overload */

        using AbstractTextRenderer::render;
};

/** @brief Two-dimensional text renderer */
typedef TextRenderer<2> TextRenderer2D;

/** @brief Three-dimensional text renderer */
typedef TextRenderer<3> TextRenderer3D;

}}

#endif