magnum/doc/shaders.dox

/*
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              Vladimír Vondruš <mosra@centrum.cz>

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namespace Magnum {
/** @page shaders Builtin shaders
@brief Overview and basic usage of builtin shaders.

-   Previous page: @ref opengl-wrapping
-   Next page: @ref scenegraph

@tableofcontents

Magnum contains a set of general-purpose shaders for easy prototyping, UI
rendering and data visualization/debugging in both 2D and 3D scenes. The
following shaders are available, see documentation of each class for sample
output and example setup:

-   @ref Shaders::Flat "Shaders::Flat*D" -- flat shading using single color or
    texture
-   @ref Shaders::Vector "Shaders::Vector*D" -- colored vector graphics
-   @ref Shaders::DistanceFieldVector "Shaders::DistanceFieldVector*D" --
    colored and outlined vector graphics
-   @ref Shaders::VertexColor "Shaders::VertexColor*D" -- vertex-colored meshes
-   @ref Shaders::Phong -- Phong shading using colors or textures, 3D only
-   @ref Shaders::MeshVisualizer -- wireframe visualization, 3D only

All the builtin shaders can be used on unextended OpenGL 2.1 and OpenGL ES 2.0
/ WebGL 1.0, but they try to use the most recent technology available to have
them as efficient as possible on every configuration.

@section shaders-usage Usage

Shader usage is divided into two parts: configuring vertex attributes in the
mesh and configuring the shader itself.

Each shader expects some set of vertex attributes, thus when adding vertex
buffer into the mesh, you need to specify which shader attributes are on which
position in the buffer. See @ref Mesh::addVertexBuffer() for details and usage
examples. Example mesh configuration for @ref Shaders::Phong shader:
@code
struct Vertex {
    Vector3 position;
    Vector3 normal;
    Vector2 textureCoordinates;
};
Vertex data[] = { ... };

Buffer vertices;
vertices.setData(data, BufferUsage::StaticDraw);

Mesh mesh;
mesh.addVertexBuffer(vertices, 0,
    Shaders::Phong::Position{},
    Shaders::Phong::Normal{},
    Shaders::Phong::TextureCoordinates{});
@endcode

Each shader then has its own set of configuration functions. Some configuration
is static, specified commonly as flags in constructor, directly affecting
compiled shader code. Other configuration is specified through uniforms and
various binding points, commonly exposed through various setters. Example
configuration and rendering using @ref Shaders::Phong "Shaders::Phong":
@code
Matrix4 transformationMatrix, projectionMatrix;
Texture2D diffuseTexture, specularTexture;

Shaders::Phong shader{Shaders::Phong::DiffuseTexture};
shader.setDiffuseTexture(diffuseTexture)
    .setLightPosition({5.0f, 5.0f, 7.0f})
    .setTransformationMatrix(transformationMatrix)
    .setNormalMatrix(transformationMatrix.rotation())
    .setProjectionMatrix(projectionMatrix);

mesh.draw(shader);
@endcode

@section shaders-generic Generic vertex attributes

Many shaders share the same vertex attribute definitions, such as positions,
normals, texture coordinates etc. It's thus possible to configure the mesh
for *generic* shader and then render it with any compatible shader. Definition
of generic attributes is available in @ref Shaders::Generic class.
Configuration of the above mesh using generic attributes could then look like
this:
@code
mesh.addVertexBuffer(vertices, 0,
    Shaders::Generic3D::Position{},
    Shaders::Generic3D::Normal{},
    Shaders::Generic3D::TextureCoordinates{});
@endcode
Note that in this particular case both configurations are equivalent, because
@ref Shaders::Phong also uses generic vertex attribute definitions.

Then you can render the mesh using @ref Shaders::Phong shader like above, or
use for example @ref Shaders::Flat3D or even @ref Shaders::MeshVisualizer with
the same mesh reconfiguration. The unused attributes will be simply ignored.
@code
Shaders::MeshVisualizer visualizerShader{Shaders::MeshVisualizer::Wireframe};
visualizerShader.setColor(Color3::fromHSV(216.0_degf, 0.85f, 1.0f))
    .setWireframeColor(Color3{0.95f})
    .setViewportSize(defaultFramebuffer.viewport().size())
    .setTransformationProjectionMatrix(projectionMatrix*transformationMatrix);

mesh.draw(visualizerShader);
@endcode

The @ref MeshTools::compile() utility configures meshes using generic vertex
attribute definitions to make them usable with any shader.

-   Previous page: @ref opengl-wrapping
-   Next page: @ref scenegraph

*/
}