magnum/doc/platforms-html5.dox

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              Vladimír Vondruš <mosra@centrum.cz>

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namespace Magnum {

/** @page platforms-html5 HTML5 and WebGL
@brief Building, testing and deploying HTML5 and WebGL projects

@tableofcontents
@m_footernavigation

@todoc move stuff from Sdl2App and WindowlessEglApp
@todoc explain the css and js file, command-line args
@todoc testing, gl tests, coverage, travis setup
@todoc static plugins

The following guide explains basic workflow of using
[Emscripten](http://kripken.github.io/emscripten-site/) for deploying HTML5
apps using WebGL.

See also @ref Platform::Sdl2Application for more information.

@section platforms-html5-webgl Differences between WebGL and OpenGL ES

WebGL is subset of OpenGL ES with some specific restrictions, namely
requirement for unique buffer target binding, aligned buffer offset and
stride and some other restrictions. The most prominent difference is that while
the following was enough on desktop:

@snippet MagnumGL.cpp Buffer-webgl-nope

On WebGL (even 2.0) you always have to initialize the buffers like this (and
other target hints for UBOs etc.):

@snippet MagnumGL.cpp Buffer-webgl

See @ref GL-Buffer-webgl-restrictions "GL::Buffer",
@ref GL-Mesh-webgl-restrictions "GL::Mesh",
@ref GL::Texture::setSubImage() "GL::*Texture::setSubImage()",
@ref GL::Mesh::addVertexBuffer(), @ref GL::Renderer::setStencilFunction(),
@ref GL::Renderer::setStencilMask() and @ref GL::Renderer::setBlendFunction()
documentation for more information. The corresponding sections in official
WebGL specification provide even more detail:

-   [Differences Between WebGL and OpenGL ES 2.0](http://www.khronos.org/registry/webgl/specs/latest/1.0/#6)
-   [Differences Between WebGL and OpenGL ES 3.0](https://www.khronos.org/registry/webgl/specs/latest/2.0/#5)

@section platforms-html5-troubleshooting Troubleshooting

@subsection platforms-html5-troubleshooting-bootstrap First Emscripten run takes long or fails

Emscripten downloads and builds a lot of things on first startup or after
upgrade. That's expected and might take quite some time. If you are calling
Emscripten through the CMake toolchain, it might be attempting to bootstrap
itself multiple times, taking extreme amounts of time, or even fail during the
initial CMake compiler checks for various reasons such as

@code{.shell-session}
      File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1025, in _execute_child
        raise child_exception
    OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied
@endcode

The CMake toolchain might interfere with the bootstrap operation, causing it to
fail. Solution is to wipe all Emscripten caches and trigger a rebuild of all
needed libraries by compiling a minimal project, as shown in the shell snippet
below --- enter it into the console prior to building anything else. It will
take a while to download and build various system libraries and random tools.
The @cb{.sh} -s WASM=1 @ce flag is needed in order to enable a rebuild of the
`binaryen` tool as well:

@code{.sh}
cd /tmp
emcc --clear-cache
emcc --clear-ports
echo "int main() {}" > main.cpp
em++ -s WASM=1 main.cpp
@endcode

@subsection platforms-html5-troubleshooting-corrade-not-found CMake can't find _CORRADE_MODULE_DIR

If initial CMake configuration fails with

@code{.shell-session}
  Could NOT find Corrade (missing: _CORRADE_MODULE_DIR)
@endcode

The solution is to explicitly pass `CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH` pointing to directory
where Corrade is installed, for example:

@code{.sh}
mkdir build-emscripten && cd build-emscripte
cmake .. \
    -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/generic/Emscripten-wasm.cmake \
    -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/usr/lib/emscripten/system/ \
    -G Ninja
@endcode

@subsection platforms-html5-troubleshooting-loading-failed Application fails to load

Depending on what's the exact error printed in the browser console, the
following scenarios are possible:

-   By default, the size of Emscripten heap is restricted to 16 MB. That might
    not be enough if you have large compiled-in resources or allocate large
    amount of memory. This can be solved either with:
    -   Adding `-s TOTAL_MEMORY=&lt;bytes&gt;` to compiler/linker flags, where
        &lt;bytes&gt; is the new heap size
    -   Adding `-s ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1` to compiler/linker flags. This is
        useful in case you don't know how much memory you need in advance and
        [might disable some optimizations](https://kripken.github.io/emscripten-site/docs/optimizing/Optimizing-Code.html#memory-growth).
    -   Setting `Module { TOTAL_MEMORY: &lt;bytes&gt;; }` in the JavaScript
        driver file
-   Sometimes Chromium-based browsers refuse to create WebGL context on a
    particular page, while on other sites it works and the same page works in
    other browsers such as Firefox. This can be caused by Chromium running for
    too long, restart it and try again.
-   If you compile your application with a different set of compiler / linker
    flags or a different Emscripten version than your dependencies, it can fail
    to load for a variety of random reasons. Try to rebuild everything with the
    same set of flags.

*/

}